Cultural Translation: Jokes, References, and Boundaries Localization teams must choose how to handle culturally specific jokes and topical references. Some references (Hollywood celebrities, U.S. media tropes) may be obscure; translators can replace these with analogous Punjabi or South Asian references when the joke depends on recognition. But this choice carries risk: over-localization risks altering the film’s setting and tonal logic. Best practice is selective domestication—preserve the film’s world when possible; domesticate only where clarity or comedic payoff requires it.